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Carpetbaggers were Northerners who tried to help rebuild the South after the Civil War during Reconstruction. Although Carpetbaggers helped establish public schools throughout the South, they earned a reputation for corruption that tarnished their legacy and hindered the advancement of Civil Rights.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton was a planter and politician from Maryland who is most famous for being the only Catholic signer of the Declaration of Independence and the last living signer. Carroll was considered to be one of the wealthiest men in America during his lifetime.

Jacques Cartier was a 16th-century French explorer who made three voyages to the St. Lawrence region of North America for King Francis I. Although he failed to find the Northwest Passage or significant mineral wealth, Cartier explored and mapped the Gulf and St. Lawrence River region, helping set the stage for French colonial expansion in North America.

The Casa de Contratación, or House of Trade, was a Spanish government agency established in Seville to oversee and regulate all trade between Spain and its American colonies, manage taxation, supervise shipping, and ensure the Crown received its share of wealth from the New World.

Castile was the dominant Iberian kingdom to emerge during the Reconquista, becoming the political and economic center of Spain in the 15th and 16th Centuries. Shaped by a military and Catholic identity, Castile expanded into the Americas under Charles V and Philip II, gaining significant wealth and influence from New World trade.

Richard Caswell was a prominent North Carolina Patriot during the American Revolution. He is most famous for being the first Governor of North Carolina.

Cathay was the name Europeans used to describe China from the 13th Century through the 17th Century. Marco Polo popularized the term, which he used in his account of his travels during the Yuan Dynasty. Cathay was the destination that European explorers hoped to reach when they landed in the Americas.

The Battle of Cedar Creek was fought on October 19, 1864, during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1864. Confederate General Jubal Early launched a surprise attack that initially drove Union troops from their camps, but General Philip Sheridan rallied his army and ordered a counterattack that routed the Confederates. The Union victory forced Early’s army to abandon the Shenandoah Valley and helped secure President Abraham Lincoln’s re-election.

The Battle of Cedar Mountain was fought on August 9, 1862, and was the opening battle of the Northern Virginia Campaign. General Stonewall Jackson’s Confederate forces defeated General Nathaniel Banks’ Union troops after turning back two attacks. The Confederate victory helped set the stage for the Second Battle of Bull Run two weeks later.

Created on October 28, 1861, under the command of General Albert S. Johnston, the Central Army of Kentucky was the main military force in the Confederacy's Western District until March 29, 1862, when it merged with the Army of the Mississippi.

The Battle of Cerro Gordo was fought on April 18, 1847, between the United States and Mexico, during the Mexican-American War. The outcome of the battle was an American victory, allowing General Winfield Scott to march to Puebla and capture the city.

Chaffin’s Farm and New Market Heights Battle facts, including dates, location, casualties, leaders, who won, and more interesting facts you might not know.

Fought on September 29 - 30, 1864, during the Petersburg Campaign, the Battle of Chaffin’s Farm and New Market Heights was noteworthy for the heroism displayed by members of the United States Colored Troops.

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain was a Union military commander during the American Civil War, earning a Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroics at the Battle of Gettysburg. He also served as Governor of Maine and as a professor and a president of Bowdoin College.

APUSH Definition — Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain (1828–1914) was an officer in the United States Army during the Civil War. He earned the Congressional Medal of Honor for his heroics at the Battle of Gettysburg.

The Battle of Champion Hill was fought on May 16, 1863, during the Vicksburg Campaign, between Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate forces under John C. Pemberton. Union troops captured Champion Hill, defeated a Confederate counterattack, and forced Pemberton’s army to retreat toward the Big Black River. The decisive Union victory cleared the way for Grant’s advance on Vicksburg.

Chancellorsville Battle facts, including dates, location, casualties, leaders, who won, and more interesting facts you might not know.

The Battle of Chancellorsville was fought in and around the town of Chancellorsville, Virginia, from April 30 to May 6, 1863. In what many historians believe to be Confederate General Robert E. Lee's greatest victory, the Army of Northern Virginia defeated Major General Joseph Hooker's Army of the Potomac, despite being out-manned nearly 2 to 1. The South, however, suffered a devastating blow when General Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded by friendly fire during the battle.

The Battle of Chantilly was fought on September 1, 1862, after the Confederate victory at the Second Battle of Bull Run. Union forces stopped Stonewall Jackson from reaching Jermantown and cutting off the Union retreat toward Washington, D.C. Although the battle ended in a tactical draw, it was a strategic Union victory and ended the Northern Virginia Campaign.

The Battle of Chapultepec was fought from September 12–13, 1847, between the United States and Mexico, during the Mexican-American War. The outcome of the battle was an American victory, culminating with the capture of Mexico City.