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The Battle of Adairsville was fought near Adairsville, Georgia, during the Atlanta Campaign. The battle included a series of skirmishes as Union General William T. Sherman pursued Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston south through Northern Georgia. Although the fighting served mainly as a delaying action, Johnston used the movement from Adairsville to set up a possible trap near Cassville, which failed when Confederate forces under John Bell Hood withdrew.

The Administration of Justice Act was one of five laws enacted by the British Parliament in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party. Collectively, the acts were known as the Coercive Acts, or the Intolerable Acts.

The Albany Congress took place in Albany, New York, in June and July of 1754. It was a meeting between colonial leaders and leaders of the Iroquois and restored the Covenant Chain between the Six Nations and the colonies. During the proceedings, Benjamin Franklin presented the Albany Plan of Union, which proposed an intercolonial government for the British Colonies in America.

The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin Franklin and called for the formation of a permanent federation of the American colonies.

Federalist No. 3 was written by John Jay and published on November 3, 1787. It is the second of four articles dealing with protecting Americans against foreign aggression and meddling in national affairs.

The Gettysburg Address was delivered by President Lincoln on November 19,1863 at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery. The speech was given four and a half months after the bloodiest battle of the Civil War.

Lieutenant General James Longstreet was one of Robert E. Lee's most trusted subordinates. However, his action — or inaction — at the Battle of Gettysburg created controversy that tarnished his military legacy in the eyes of many Southerners.

The Missouri Compromise comprised legislation passed by the U.S. Congress in 1820 that attempted to resolve sectional disputes over the extension of slavery in western territories of the United States.

Thomas Paine was a Founding Father, a philosopher of the American Revolution, and a true revolutionary. His essays and pamphlets, especially Common Sense, were noted for their plain language, resonated with the common people of America and roused them to rally behind the movement for independence. Following the American Revolutionary War, Paine immigrated to Europe where the British government declared him an outlaw for his anti-monarchist views, and where he actively participated in the French Revolution.

The Continental Army occupied Valley Forge during the winter of 1777–1778, during the Philadelphia Campaign and the British occupation of Philadelphia. While there, the army suffered from severe shortages of supplies and provisions, while disease and desertion ravaged the ranks. Under the leadership of General George Washington and a rigid training program developed by Friedrich von Steuben, the army became more disciplined and organized. By the time the army left Valley Forge in June 1778, it had become a professional army and was prepared to engage the British as they marched from Philadelphia to New York City.

The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic scandal between the United States and France that led to an undeclared naval war known as the Quasi-War. The XYZ Affair played a significant role in shaping American foreign policy and domestic politics, and contributed to the political divide that eventually led to the Civil War.