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South Carolina Colony was part of the larger Carolina Colony until 1712, when North Carolina became its own province. The first European settlers entered the region in the 16th Century, but the first permanent English settlement was not established until 1670. Afterward, South Carolina developed a strong plantation culture based on tobacco, rice, and indigo, which was supported by a large enslaved population. In 1776, South Carolina joined the other colonies in declaring independence from Great Britain and establishing the United States of America.

Facts about the origins, culture, society, and nature of the South Carolina Colony, which was one of the 13 Colonies that declared independence from Great Britain in July 1776.

In December 1828, U.S. Vice-president John C. Calhoun anonymously penned two documents collectively known as the South Carolina Exposition and Protest, that outlined objections to the Tariff of 1828.

The South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification was issued in response to the passage of the Tariff of 1832. In the Ordinance of Nullification, South Carolina threatened secession, which was a cause of the Nullification Crisis of 1832–33.

The definition and full text of the South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification of 1832. The South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification was issued in response to the passage of the Tariff of 1832. In the Ordinance of Nullification, South Carolina threatened secession, which was a cause of the Nullification Crisis of 1832–33.

The Battle of South Mountain was fought on September 14, 1862, during the Maryland Campaign, as Union and Confederate forces fought for control of Turner’s Gap, Fox’s Gap, and Crampton’s Gap. Union forces captured Crampton’s Gap and forced Robert E. Lee to withdraw from South Mountain, but George B. McClellan’s delay allowed Lee to reunite his divided army near Sharpsburg, Maryland. Three days later, the armies fought again at the Battle of Antietam.

The Southern Colonies in the Colonial Era were Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Sometimes called the “Tobacco Colonies,” they were located in the Chesapeake Bay and the South and known for their economic and social systems based on agriculture, including large plantations, cash crops, and landed gentry. They are associated with indentured servitude and slavery but served as a driving force behind the American Revolution. They were five of the 13 Original Colonies that declared independence from Britain in July 1776, creating the United States of America.

The Spanish American War was fought between the United States and Spain. The U.S. won the short war, which took place primarily in Cuba. The outcome signaled the emergence of the United States as a global power and the end of Spain’s empire in the Americas.

The Spanish Requirement of 1513 (El Requerimiento) was a document issued by Spain that outlined the rights and responsibilities of the Spanish colonizers in the New World.

On January 23, 1865, General P. G. T. Beauregard issued an unnumbered special field order announcing that Lieutenant General Richard Taylor was replacing General John Bell Hood as commander of the Army of Tennessee.

On January 27, 1864, William T. Sherman issued Special Field Orders, No. 11, launching his Meridian Campaign.

On November 9, 1864, Major General William T. Sherman issued Special Orders No. 120, establishing the chain-of-command, objectives, and directives for the Savannah Campaign.

On April 30, 1862, Major General Henry W. Halleck transferred Major General George H. Thomas from the Army of the Ohio to command the Army of the Tennessee in place of Major General Ulysses S. Grant who became Halleck's second-in-command.

On July 26, 1864, William T. Sherman issued Special Field Orders No. 44, assigning Oliver O. Howard to command of the Army of the Tennessee.

On June 14, 1864, Major General Benjamin F. Butler relieved Major General Quincy A. Gillmore of command of the Tenth Army Corps operating within the Department of Virginia and North Carolina.

On June 17, 1864, Major General Benjamin F. Butler issued special orders announcing that he was withdrawing his previous orders relieving Major General Quincy A. Gillmore of his command.

On July 21, 1861, Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston issued an unnumbered special order approving Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard's plan of attack for the First Battle of Bull Run.

On May 16, 1861, the U.S. War Department issued Special Orders, No, 135 relieving Brigadier General William S. Harney as commander of the Department of the West.

On September 10, 1861, the Confederate War Department issued Special Orders, No. 149, appointing General Albert Sidney Johnston to command of Confederate forces in the Western Theater.

On May 31, 1861, Major General Robert E. Lee issued Special Orders, No. 149, announcing that Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard was assigned to the command of the troops in the Alexandria line near Manassas Junction, Virginia.